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The First Presbyterian Church, known as "Old First",〔("History" ) on the First Presbyterian Church website〕 located at 48 Fifth Avenue between West 11th and 12th Streets in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City was built in 1844-6,〔 and designed by Joseph C. Wells in the Gothic Revival style.〔 The south transept of the building was added in 1893-4, and was designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White.〔("Architecture" ) on the First Presbyterian Church website〕〔, p. 135〕 The church complex, which includes a parish house – now referred to as the "South Wing"〔 – on West 11th Street and a church house on West 12th Street designed by Edgar Tafel, is located within the Greenwich Village Historic District.〔, pp. 55-56〕 ==History of the congregation== The First Presbyterian Church in the City of New York was founded in 1716, and held its first services in 1719〔Meerse, David and Marton, Janos. "Presbyterians" in , pp. 1034-1035〕 at its sanctuary at 10 Wall Street〔 between Broadway and Nassau Street.〔Burrows and Wallace, p.132〕 This building was rebuilt twice, in 1748 and 1810, and was subsequently taken down and put up again in Jersey City, New Jersey.〔, pp.76-77〕 During its time in its original downtown location, the church spun off a number of congregations to elsewhere in Manhattan, including Brick Presbyterian in 1767, Rutgers Presbyterian in 1798, and Cedar Street Presbyterian in 1808. The latter went on to become the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church.〔 First Presbyterian's original pastor was James Anderson, who had been preaching in New York to the small-but-growing Scots population, whose influence increased with the appointment of a number of Scotsmen to be Governors of the New York colony.〔 During the American Revolution, the church became known as the "Church of Patriots" due to many from its congregation being involved in the effort against Great Britain, their dissatisfaction partly coming about because the King had consistently refused to issue the Church a charter in 1766 and afterwards, claiming a duty to uphold the exclusive rights of the Church of England, which was represented in New York by Trinity Church.〔Burrows and Wallace, p.203〕 First Presbyterian's pastor from 1765 to 1811, John Rodgers, had to leave the city during the British occupation because of his activities.〔 Such activities had their consequences: authorities confiscated the church, along with other churches associated with the Patriot movement, as barracks for British troops, stables for their horses, warehouses and prisons.〔Burrows & Wallace, p.250〕 Later, during the early 19th-century, the church took a more conservative approach, being aligned with the "Old School", centered on Princeton Theological Seminary, which disapproved of the revival movement, and did not openly oppose slavery. The congregation relocated to its present site in 1846 with the encouragement of James Lenox, one of the richest men in the city, and an elder of the congregation.〔〔Burrows and Wallace, p.717〕 In 1918, First Presbyterian merged with the Presbyterian churches of Madison Square and University Place,〔 forming what was then known as "“The First Presbyterian Church in the City of New York, Founded 1716 – Old First, University Place and Madison Square Foundation," but referred to colloquially as "New York’s Presbyterian cathedral."〔("A Brief History of First Church" ) on the First Presbyterian website〕 That same year, Harry Emerson Fosidck, assumed the role of pastor of First Presbyterian Church. Fosdick proved to be a charismatic preacher and resulted in the growth of the congregation. The increased size of the congregation necessitated the lengthening of the church in 1919, with the addition of a chancel.〔 Fosdick's preaching helped the congregation continue to grow: by 1924, it had reached a peak of 1,800 members.〔("The Merging of Three Churches" ) on the First Presbyterian Church website〕 Fosdick, however, was also a proponent of liberal Christianity, and it was from the pulpit of First Presbyterian that Fosdick delivered a sermon entitled "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?" on May 21, 1922. The sermon proved to be the opening salvo of what would be referred to as the "fundamentalist-modernist controversy." Fosdick's sermon would eventually cost him his job and he would go on to pastor an American Baptist congregation and then, the famed Riverside Church.〔, pp.236-37〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First Presbyterian Church (Manhattan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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